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磁铁的力量：它们如何影响我们的生活

磁铁的力量虽然看起来很小，但在我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。它以一种无声而坚定的方式影响着我们的日常生活和工作。

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Hard magnetic material Hard magnetic materials are relative to soft magnetic materials. It refers to a type of ferrite material that is not easily demagnetized after magnetization and can retain magnetism for a long time. Therefore, sometimes also known as permanent magnet materials or permanent magnet materialsThe crystal structure of hard magnetic materials is mostly hexagonal magnetic lead stone type. Its typical representative is barium ferrite BaFe12O19 (also known as barium permanent porcelain or barium magnetic porcelain), which is a ferrite hard magnetic material with good performance, low cost, and suitable for industrial production.This material can not only be used as a magnet for recorders, microphones, pickups, telephones, and various instruments in telecommunications devices, but also has been applied in pollution treatment, medical biology, and printing displays.Hard magnetic ferrite material is the second main hard magnetic material after aluminum nickel drill series hard magnetic metal mater: 11

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Soft magnetic material Soft magnetic material refers to a type of ferrite material that is easily magnetized and demagnetized under weak magnetic fields (as shown in Figure 1). The typical representatives of soft magnetic materials are manganese zinc ferrite Mn ZnFe2O4 and nickel zinc ferrite Ni ZnFe2O4.Soft ferrite is a type of ferrite material with a wide range of uses, a large quantity, a large variety, and a high output value among various ferrite materials. Currently, there are dozens of products produced in batches in the world, with an annual output of over tens of thousands of tons.Soft magnetic ferrite is mainly used as various inductance components, such as filter cores, transformer cores, antenna cores, deflection cores, as well as magnetic cores for magnetic tape recording and recording heads, multi-channel communication, and other recording heads.Generally, the crystal structure of soft ferrite is Cubic crystal system spinel type, which is used in the audio frequency to Very high frequency frequ: 11

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Magnetic effect The magnetic effect of the material is of basic research. It provides rich information that is interconnected by the material structure, various interactions within the material, and the various physical properties caused by it. For example, the magnetic light effect can be used to detect the transition of magnetic electrons and its energy levels of magnetic substances; magnetic electrical effects reflect the interaction between transmission electrons and electrons that cause macro magnetic electrons. Magnetic effects have or obtained important applications in technology applications, providing various new devices, new materials and new methods for various needs. For example, magnetic-force effects and magnetic sound effects are used to manufacture electrocomputers and delay lines respectively; magnetic light effects are used to observe the distribution of magnetic intensity, develop magnetic light devices and magnetic light storage devices; The heating and degeneration is an effective: 13

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Magnetic ferrite material The performance of ferrite materials is closely related to the four aspects of raw materials, formulation, molding, and sintering, and is also a key research issue in the principle of ferrite technology. However, there are significant differences in the performance of ferrite materials made under the same formula and process. This is mainly due to differences in the specific quality of each process link, such as ball milling, forming, and sintering. Therefore, how to fully leverage the role of various process links and improve quality is a key issue in improving ferrite materials.Usually, ferrite polycrystalline materials are manufactured using powder metallurgy method, as shown in the specific manufacturing process flow chart 6. In recent years, the large-scale production technology and equipment of ferrite materials have undergone greater development abroad. TDK Company in Japan adopts a completely closed pipeline production method from ingredient to material ferrite, which purifies: 13

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Moment magnetic material Moment magnetic material refers to a ferrite material with a rectangular hysteresis loop, as shown in Figure 4. Hysteresis loop refers to the closed cycle curve experienced when the external magnetic field increases to the saturation field strength+Hs, changes from+Hs to - Hs and then returns to+Hs, and the Magnetic flux density of the magnetic material correspondingly changes from+Bs to - Bs and then returns to+Bs. The most commonly used moment magnetic materials include magnesium manganese ferrite Mg MnFe2O4 and lithium manganese ferrite Li MnFe2O4, among othersThis type of material is mainly used as memory cores for various types of electronic computers, and has also been widely used in automatic control, radar navigation, space navigation, information display, and other fields.Although there are many new types of memory emerging, magnetic memory (especially magnetic core memory) still plays an extremely important role in computing technology due to the abundant raw materials, simpl: 12

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Ferrite magnetic materials Composite oxides composed of iron oxides and one or several other metal oxides (such as BaO · 6Fe2O3, MnO · Fe2O3 · ZnO · Fe2O3, etc.) are called ferrite. Ferrite with Ferrimagnetism is a kind of strong magnetic material, which is generally called ferrite magnetic material. FeO · Fe2O3 (Fe3O4) is the simplest and earliest applied natural ferrite magnetic material in the world. Ferrite magnetic materials can be divided into soft magnetic, hard magnetic (including bonding), rotational magnetic, moment magnetic, and piezoelectric magnetic, as well as other ferrite materials. Their composition, crystal structure, characteristics, and application fields are shown in the table below. Their main characteristics are: high permeability, low Coercivity and low loss of soft magnetic materials; The Coercivity of hard magnetic materials is high, and the magnetic energy product (BH) is high; The gyromagnetic material has the gyromagnetic property, that is, when the electromagnetic wave propagates al: 10

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Molecular magnetism Molecular magnetism, molecular magnetism is a major breakthrough of China University of Technology in the field of single molecule basic research. Imagine a revolutionary change: today's laptops are made of semiconductor materials, making them easy to carry. However, in the future, we can still make computers look like watches and wear them on our wrists, or fold them up and put them in our pockets like handkerchiefs. However, their computing power and storage capacity are 100 or even 1000 times that of today. Recently, the China University of Technology's research on the change and control of single molecule magnetism has laid an important foundation for the advent of this new type of computer. In September 2005, the China University of Technology "operated" on a molecule 10000 times smaller than the diameter of the hair with a fully enclosed ultra vacuum microscope, which not only turned a non magnetic molecule into a magnetic one, but also could control and transform it. Sci: 06

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Advantages of hoisting electric permanent magnet Permanent safetyAdopting electronic controlled permanent magnet technology, the instantaneous power supply is only applied at the moment of magnetization and demagnetization, and the working process no longer requires electricity. Therefore, there is no phenomenon of traditional electromagnets heating up and affecting suction due to continuous electricity consumption, while saving over 95% of electrical energy. Energy saving, no temperature rise, no deformation, no danger of power outage and magnetic loss, safe and reliable operation; Not affected by power loss. Without the need for batteries to assist the system, it comes from high-performance permanent magnet materials that provide long-lasting suction, always ensuring the safety of the material, and ensuring that demagnetization is only relaxed when the material lands, always providing the highest level of safety assurance for the operator.Quick operationThe magnetization and demagnetization cycle is fast, and during operation after: 05

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Formation of permanent magnets Steel or other materials can become permanent magnets because after proper treatment and processing, the internal non-uniformity is in the best state and the Coercivity is the largest. The inhomogeneity of iron crystal structure, internal stress, etc. is very small, and the Coercivity is naturally very small. It does not need a strong magnetic field to magnetize or demagnetize it, so it cannot become a permanent magnet. Materials that are easily magnetized and demagnetized are usually referred to as "soft" magnetic materials. 'Soft' magnetic materials cannot be used as permanent magnets, iron belongs to this type of materialThe application range of permanent magnets is diverse, including televisions, speakers, audio speakers, radios, leather bag buckles, data cable magnetic rings, computer hard drives, mobile phone vibrators, and so on. Permanent magnets such as loudspeakers use the principle of electric coils moving in a magnetic field to produce sound. The permanent magnet on: 05

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Permanent magnet process Just like the type of magnetic steel rod you usually see, a permanent magnet is an object that can retain a certain residual magnetization after removing the external magnetic field. To achieve zero residual magnetization and complete elimination of magnetism for such an object, a reverse magnetic field must be applied. The reverse magnetic field required for complete demagnetization of ferromagnetic materials is called the Coercivity of ferromagnetic materials. Both steel and iron are ferromagnetic, but their Coercivity is different. Steel has a larger Coercivity, while iron has a smaller Coercivity. This is because during the steelmaking process, elements such as carbon, tungsten, and chromium are added to iron, resulting in the production of carbon steel, tungsten steel, chromium steel, etc. The addition of elements such as carbon, tungsten, and chromium results in various non-uniformities within steel at room temperature, such as uneven crystal structure, internal stress, and magne: 05

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